Civil Engineering Applications
In some countries whole or shredded tyres are being used in so civil engineering projects.
These civil engineering projects can be embankments, sub-layers in road construction, wetland and marsh establishment, drainage layers in landfills or even artificial reefs.
However in civil engineering applications the ELTs are merely shredded roughly, this means that the fibres and the steel cord are not extracted. And so the steel is left in the environment to oxidize. Furthermore, in these so-called civil engineering applications the ELTs are only substituting gravel, stone and sand, and thus not acting as a replacement for new raw materials.
Basically civil engineering applications are merely landfill in disguise.